贪吃蛇是一款经典的小游戏。初始是像素版本，后来又衍生出3D版本、多人对战版本等。玩家使用方向键操控一条长长的蛇不断吞下豆子，同时蛇身随着吞下的豆子不断变长，当蛇头撞到蛇身或障壁时游戏结束。
本文分享在 Python Tkinter 中创建一个流行的可以计分的贪吃蛇游戏代码。
代码中使用了 tkinter、random 、Pillow 三个库，以及一张 PNG 图片作为豆子，图片是名为 game.png，长宽均为 13px 的黑色方块，请自行准备。
from tkinter import *from random import randintfrom PIL import Image, ImageTkmovement = 20steps_per_sec = 10speed = 1100 // steps_per_secclass Snake(Canvas): def __init__(self): super().__init__( width=700, height=400, background='#53ff1a', highlightthickness=0 ) self.snake_pos = [(100, 80), (80, 100), (80, 100)] self.food_pos = self.set_new_food_pos() self.direction = 'Right' self.score = 0 self.load_img() self.create_objects() self.bind_all('<Key>', self.on_key_press) self.pack() self.after(speed, self.perform_actions) def load_img(self): try: self.snake_body = ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.open('game.png')) self.food = ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.open('game.png')) except IOError as error: ws.destroy() raise def create_objects(self): self.create_text( 35, 12, text=f'得分: {self.score}', tag='score', fill='black', font=10 ) for x_position, y_position in self.snake_pos: self.create_image( x_position, y_position, image=self.snake_body, tag='snake' ) self.create_image( *self.food_pos, image=self.food, tag='food' ) self.create_rectangle( 7, 27, 690, 690, outline='#d9d8d7' ) def finish_game(self): self.delete(ALL) self.create_text( self.winfo_width() / 2, self.winfo_height() / 2, text=f'游戏结束，得分：{self.score}!', fill='black', font=20 ) def consume_food(self): if self.snake_pos[0] == self.food_pos: self.score += 10 self.snake_pos.append(self.snake_pos[-1]) self.create_image( *self.snake_pos[-1], image=self.snake_body, tag='snake' ) self.food_pos = self.set_new_food_pos() self.coords( self.find_withtag('food'), *self.food_pos ) score = self.find_withtag('score') self.itemconfigure( score, text=f'得分: {self.score}', tag='score' ) def boundry(self): head_x_position, head_y_position = self.snake_pos[0] return ( head_x_position in (0, 700) or head_y_position in (20, 400) or (head_x_position, head_y_position) in self.snake_pos[1:] ) def snake_movement(self): head_x_position, head_y_position = self.snake_pos[0] if self.direction == 'Left': new_head_position = (head_x_position - movement, head_y_position) elif self.direction == 'Right': new_head_position = (head_x_position + movement, head_y_position) elif self.direction == 'Down': new_head_position = (head_x_position, head_y_position + movement) elif self.direction == 'Up': new_head_position = (head_x_position, head_y_position - movement) self.snake_pos = [new_head_position] + self.snake_pos[:-1] for segment, position in zip(self.find_withtag('snake'), self.snake_pos): self.coords(segment, position) def on_key_press(self, e): new_direction = e.keysym all_directions = ( 'Up', 'Down'. 'Left', 'Right' ) opposites = ( {'Up', 'Down'}, {'Left', 'Right'} ) if ( new_direction in all_directions and {new_direction, self.direction} not in opposites ): self.direction = new_direction def perform_actions(self): if self.boundry(): self.finish_game() self.consume_food() self.snake_movement() self.after(speed, self.perform_actions) def set_new_food_pos(self): while True: x_position = randint(1, 29) * movement y_position = randint(3, 30) * movement food_pos = (x_position, y_position) if food_pos not in self.snake_pos: return food_posws = Tk()ws.title('贪吃蛇')ws.resizable(False, False)board = Snake()ws.mainloop()
